/BaseFont /ArialMT 0000003545 00000 n 0000017099 00000 n endobj The fourth group is composed of yermosols, xerosols, and other saline soils that cover desert areas of the Eastern Lowlands and the Denakil Plain. Soil erosion could accurately be estimated if and only if the extent and distribution of gullies should be measured. Their parent materials include trap series volcanics, volcanic ash, and even metamorphic rocks. Typically, Orthents are exceedingly shallow soils. 14a. Because of moisture deficiency and coarse texture, they lack potential for rain-fed agriculture. 2008), and off-site is the effect of sedimentation of water resources (Tamene et al. Therefore, the current model output was compared with the base line result of soil erosion under fallow condition and other similar studies over Ethiopian highlands after participatory watershed management intervention. A total of 456,415.60 ton of soil has been lost annually (Fig. 13). The moderate and low soil erosion severity areas should be managed through terracing, inter-cropping, contour farming, strip cropping, conservation tillage, mulching and biological stabilizers based on their slope range, soil type and land use type. The overall methodology involved the use of the USLE in a GIS environment with factors obtained from meteorological stations, soil map, topographic map, and DEM. Therefore, the soil erosion could be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario is considered. The weight of each parameter was calculated using an 8 8 pairwise comparison matrix. /AvgWidth 441 The corresponding author provides all the data set as per the request and ready to clarify the manuscript which is not clear. Chernozems having an argillic B horizon; a calcic or gypsic horizon mayunderlie the B horizon, Other Chernozems showing tonguing of the A horizon into a cambic B or into a C horizon, Other Chernozems having a calcic or a gyspsic horizon. Institute of Land Administration, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 1997). Mean annual rainfall varies from less than 100mm close to the coast to around 200mm further inland. 0000004979 00000 n 0000000836 00000 n and map erosion vulnerable areas using RUSLE model. [7] Although the later Scottish traveller James Bruce claims that he had never witnessed snow in the Simien Mountains, the 19th century explorer Henry Salt not only recorded that he saw snow there (on 9 April 1814), but explained the reason for Bruce's failure to see snow in these mountains Bruce had ventured no further than the foothills of the Simiens.[8]. Protected areas include Yangudi Rassa National Park and Mille-Serdo Wildlife Reserve in Ethiopia, Nakfa Wildlife Reserve in Eritrea, and the Djallo and Assamo terrestrial protected areas in Djibouti. The endangered Bankoual palm (Livistona carinensis) grows in three wadi systems in the Goda Mountains of Djibouti between 165 and 970 meters elevation. Mount Res Dev 27(2):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa T (2011) Eucalyptus in East Africa. 0000005191 00000 n Quantitative and qualitative analyses were used. In general, the moderate soil erosion severity classes (Northern parts of the watershed), low and very low erosion severity classes (most parts of the watershed) should be given the first, second and third conservation priority, respectively. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 326341, Sutcliffe JP (1993) Economic assessment of land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands: a case study. Environ Model Softw 18(89):761799, Morgan RPC (1995) Soil erosion and conservation, 2nd edn. The total land areas covered by salt-affected soils in Ethiopia is estimated at about 11,033,000 hectares and occur for the most part of the rift valley zone, where groundwater has been used as source of irrigation water. Livistona carinensis. Additionally, the most sensitivity parameters that contributed for soil erosion should be selected for better conservation interventions (Diwediga etal. This study has been conducted at Dijo watersheds in the Rift valley Basins of Ethiopia to estimate soil erosion rate and identify erosion hotspot areas for proper planning using Geographic Information System and Universal Soil Loss Equation adapted to Ethiopian condition. Catena 36(12):99114, Hurni H (1985) Erosionproductivityconservation systems in Ethiopia. <<4B90884731AFB2110A0020D6E914FD7F>]/Prev 179032>> Extract from "Legend of the Soil Map of the World", 1974, UNESCO, Paris. Quantitatively, an estimated annual soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda ranges from nearly 0 in south and central parts of the area to 504.6 . The mean annual soil loss rate was analyzed based on the sub-watersheds, soil types, land uses, slopes and woreda basis. According to the assessment and documentation report of Bekele et al. Based on the classification, two sub watersheds fell under very low erosion severity classes (01 ton/ha/yr), 22 sub-watersheds fell under low erosion severity classes (15 ton/ha/yr). They are par-ticularly common in mountain regions. form of soil erosion is a serious and continuous environmental problem in Jabi Am J Environ Sci 11(4):245-255. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2015.245.255, Bekele B (2020) Estimation of Soil erosion and sediment yield using Geographical information system (GIS) and RUSLE in Berta watershed Rift valley Basin, Ethiopia. There are many species of interest, including the endemic Archer's lark (Heteromirafra archeri), a species of dragon tree (Dracaena ombet), and a large suite of desert ungulates, including the last viable population of African wild ass (Equus africanus somalicus). This study had integrated Geographic Information System (GIS), After analyzing all model parameters, areas in steeper Considering the effectiveness of integrating erosion models with GIS, many researchers quantified the rate and severity of soil erosion worldwide and southern Region in particular. In Colombia, sandy yellow-brown azonal soils on slopes and in gorges are the base of the large coffee plantations. Reserv Res Manag 16:293305. The soils most commonly occurring are lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols. Finally, the integration of USLE and GIS is an effective tool in mapping the spatial distribution of soil erosion from the entire watershed. /Creator (PDF-XChange Office Addin) Final Report, Vol: 1 and 2, Rome, Fistikogli O, Harmancioglu NB (2002) Integration of GIS with USLE in assessment of soil erosion. The first type is composed of euritic nitosols and andosols and is found on portions of the Western and Eastern highlands. 7). [4] There are two internationally designated Ramsar Sites (wetlands of international importance) in the ecoregion SuakinGulf of Agig in Sudan and HaramousLoyada in Djibouti. Acrisols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Acrisols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Acrisols having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both. Empirical models are models based on inductive logic, and generally are applicable only to those conditions for which the parameters have been calibrated or used for identifying the sources of sediments since they are developed from the experimental measurement or field measurement (Merritt et al. Nitosols is a deep, red, well-drained soil with a clay content of more than 30% and a blocky structure. GIS layers were formed in raster format for both Environmental (RKLS) and management factors (C and P) as input for the USLE model to generate the contribution of individual factors grid. Because Ethiopia is located in the tropical latitudes, its areas of lower elevation experience climatic conditions typical of tropical savanna or desert. This study has been conducted at Dijo watersheds in the Rift valley Basins of Ethiopia to estimate soil erosion rate and identify erosion hotspot areas for proper planning using Geographic Information System and Universal Soil Loss Equation adapted to Ethiopian condition. The potential annual soil loss ranges from 0 in the flat land to 38.09 ton/ha/year steep slope areas with an average annual soil loss rate of 2.2 ton/ha/year. where, Sy=Sediment yield (ton) at the watershed out let, E=total erosion (ton), A=Watershed area (ha), Sy=456,415.60ton/year *(1/123,3950.2), Sy=43,762 tons/year. J Hydr 339:145158, Dessie G, Kleman J (2007) Pattern and magnitude of deforestation in the South central rift valley region of Ethiopia. 8). Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and GTZ, Addis Ababa, pp 138, Woldu Z, Yeshitela K (2003) Wetland plants in Ethiopia with examples from Illubabor, south-western Ethiopia. Therefore, the soil erosion could be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario is considered. Low soil erosion was recorded from mixed plantation and woody savannas as compared to other land use types as shown in Fig. /Type /FontDescriptor 5, Table4). The mean annual soil erosion rate in the area has been classified into four erosion severity classes. [2], This ecoregion extends inland from the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, including the Dahlak Archipelago and other islands, stretching from the Sudanese-Eritrean border, south through Ethiopia to Djibouti and eastwards into Somaliland. The lowest erosion rate from Molic Andosols. Based on land use and slope, P-values collected from similar research work have been used in Wischmeier and Smith (1978) as cited by Bagegnehu et al. SOLONETZ (S)Other soils having a natric B horizon. The soil loss range of Dijo watershed is from 0 to 38.09 ton/ha/year. in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia Abay Challa 1, *, Abdu Abdelkadir 2, Tefera Mengistu 2 . Ferrasols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Ferralsols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 100 cm of the surface; having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both, Other Ferralsols having a cation exchange capacity (from NH4C1) of 1.5 me or less per 100 g of clay in at least some part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface, Other Ferralsols having a red to dusky red B horizon (rubbed soil has hues redder than 5YR with a moist value of less than 4 and a dry value not more than one unit higher than the moist value), Other Ferralsols having a yellow to pale yellow B horizon (rubbed soil has hues of 7.5YR or yellower with a moist value of 4 or more and a moist . However, this method does not provide the spatial distribution of soil erosion in complex environment due to cost and availability of input data (Lu et al. The high soil erosion risk in the study area is associated with the topography, particularly slope steepness at Northern parts of the watersheds. East. 0 0 0 0 0 0 278]>> /Producer (PDF-XChange Printer V6 \(6.0 build 322.5\) [Windows 7 Enterprise x64 \(Build 7601: Service Pack 1\)]) As the slope steepness increases from level slope (<1%) to very steep slope (>45%), soil erosion increases (Fig. In: Braimoh AK, Vlek PLG (eds)Landuseand soilresources. 14,Lund, Sweden, Hurni H (1984) Soil erosion and soil conservation in agricultural ecosystems: ethiopia and northern. /FontBBox [-665 -325 2000 1006] EurLex-2 Smaller towns include the former Afar Region capital of Asaita in Ethiopia and smaller ports along the coast such as Tadjoura in Djibouti and Zeila in Somalia. Land degradation in the form of soil erosion is the major problems affecting agricultural productivity. 64 years mean annual rainfall data for estimating . They are a World Heritage Site and include the Simien Mountains National Park. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2005.03.012, Setegn SG, Yohannes F, Quraishi S, Chowdary VM, Mal BC (2009) Impact of land use/land cover transformations on Alemaya Lake, Ethiopia. Hawassa, Ethiopia, Wischmeier W, Smith D (1965) Predictingrainfall erosionlossesfrom CroplandEastof theRockyMountains:guidefor selectionof practicesfor soiland waterconservation. From the gross soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year sediment yields have been estimated at watershed outlet. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-019-0188-2, Cerd A, Doerr SH (2008) The effect of ash and needle cover on surface runoff and erosion in the immediate post-fire period. 0000017283 00000 n Quantitatively, an estimated annual soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda ranges None of these Soil Groups had further subdivisions. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Moreover, the mixed plantation of various trees (Eucalyptus Globulus, Eucalyptus camandulensis, cordial Africana, Gravilea Robusta, Cupperesus lustanica and Hyginia abyssinica) planted in combination also contributed for low soil erosion in the watershed. /Subtype /TrueType The topographic (LS_factor) value for the watershed is 078.48(Fig. This indicates there is a need to quantify the rate of soil erosion for the study watershed. collected and analyzed from different land sat imageries, SRTM data, topomaps [2], The region is extremely active tectonically, and it experiences many earthquakes associated with the continuing enlargement of the Rift Valley. Soil textural nomograph is widely used to determine the soil erodibility values. Especially of note is the 2,000m high escarpment extending in a southwest to northeast axis. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1770.2011.00489.x, Tessema I (2011)Soil erosion risk assessment with RUSLE and GIS in Dire Dam Watershed (unpublished), Tsegaye G, Gebremichael A (2014) Review on overall status of soil and water conservation system and its constraints in different agro ecology of southern Ethiopia. Somali AcaciaCommiphora bushlands and thickets, "Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands", https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T30402A95306943.en, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_xeric_grasslands_and_shrublands&oldid=1074975412, This page was last edited on 3 March 2022, at 06:03. Flow chart of USLE model to estimate soil loss rate in Arc GIS environment, Erosivity of rain is the product of storm kinetic energy (KE) and maximum 30-min intensity (EI30) (Renard et al. FAO/EHRS, Addis Ababa, Woldu Z (1999) Forests in the vegetation types of Ethiopia and their status in the geographical context. Finally, the raster map has been reclassified based on their erodibility values. Cambridge, Hurni H,Herweg K, Portner B, Liniger H (2008)SoilErosionand conservationin globalagriculture. Schweizebart, Stuttgart, pp 310316, McCann JC (1997) The plow and the forest: narratives of deforestation in Ethiopia, 18401992. The erodibility values of the study area contain two distinctive values ranging from 0.14 which is Chromic luvisols soil to 0.35 which is Eutric cambisols (Table7 and Fig. Omissions? /Filter [/FlateDecode] >> 0000001951 00000 n It shows wide . [dubious discuss][5]. The mean annual soil losses of Dijo watershed range from 0 in the flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year from steep slope areas with the annual average soil loss rate of 2.2 ton/ha/year. Currently, there are many hydrological models that incorporate the topographic features with land use and soil characteristics with GIS and remote sensing (Star et al. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000001480 00000 n Soil and water are crucial resources for agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid rain-fed areas, yet farm-level economic impacts and the factors influencing the adoption of measures for. The mountains consist of plateaus separated by valleys and rising to pinnacles. Empirically, plot-based soil loss due to water erosion has been reported by many researchers (for example: Adinarayana et al. "Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands". where cell size represents the resolution of the grid (30m) and 22.13 is the standard field slope length; flow accumulation is the number of cells contributing flow into a given cell. 61(23):122130. /Ascent 905 The slope steepness, land use land cover, soil type and conservation practices contributed for moderate soil erosion in the study area. (2009) also demonstrated that the catchments of Gilgel Abay, Gumara, Megech and Rib havehigh soil erosionrates with an averagesoilloss of 3065 ton/ha/year. The current finding on erosion was evaluated based on the past 10-year land use land cover scenario. /Leading 150 The final soil loss was estimated by multiplying each parameters value based on the following USLE model flow chart (Fig. 6 Tidal flushing must be strong enough to remove the alkalinity formed in the process of pyrite for- mation. School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. Nitosols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface; having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both, Other Nitosols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface. The off-site effect also generates deposition of soil materials in the reservoirs, irrigation schemes and waterways downstream (Cerd and Doerr 2008). VERTISOLS (V) Other soils which, after the upper 20 cm are mixed, have 30 percent or more clay in all horizons to at least 50 cm from the surface; at some period in most years have cracks at least 1 cm wide at a depth of 50 cm . J Ecol 23(7):13281335, WBISPP (Woody Biomass Inventory and Strategic Planning Project) Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Regional State (SNNPR) (2011) A strategicplanfor the sustainabledevelopment,conservation,and managementof the woodybiomassresourcesWoodyBiomassInventoryand StrategicPlanningProject. Using the empirical equations, the sediment yield at the watershed outlet was calculated as follows. /Leading 150 Soil erosion is a serious problem in Ethiopia. It is the specific soil and water conservation practices to reduce run-off speed and increase infiltration Wischmeier and Smith (1978). Basement rocks are composed mainly of Tertiary lava flows, although there are also Quaternary basinal deposits at the northern end and pre-Cretaceous basinal deposits on the northern coast of Somaliland. But, the data on rainfall kinetic energy and rainfall intensity are limited in Ethiopia to compute rainfall erosivity. /Flags 32 I would like also to thank the colleagues that shared with me the hard life in remote areas and the students that contributed with substantial, basic data. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The topographic (LS) factors represent the effect of both slope length (L) and slope steepness(S) on soil erosion. They are often referred to as skeletal soils or, in the United Nations FAO soil classification, as lithosols. Local traditions say the trees contain evil spirits, which have been cast out of human beings, and are harmless when not disturbed, however, when a tree is cut, the spirits enter a person out of vengeance, but in general not to those who cut them down. 11). ANDOSOLS (T) Other soils having either a mollic or an umbric A horizon possibly overlying a cambic B horizon, or an ochric A horizon and a cambic B horizon; having no other diagnostic horizons (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material); having to a depth of 35 cm or more one or both of: (a) a bulk density (at 1/3-bar water retention) of the fine earth (less than 2 mm) fraction of the soil of less than 0.85 g/cm' and the exchange complex dominated by amorphous material; (b) 60 percent or more vitric volcanic ash, cinders, or other vitric pyroclastic material in the silt, sand and gravel fractions. Ethiopia has had a rich variety of wildlife that in some cases has been reduced to a few endangered remnants. The soil erosion under different soil types was analyzed. In the two South Hemisphere ecoregions, soils on older substrata of uplands are generally highly leached lithosols in South Africa and by laterites and the process of podzolization in southern Australia; they have been exposed to weathering since the Paleozoic or even the Precambrian. (2019), who estimated the annual soil loss ranges from 0.01 to 442.92 ton/ha/year. Mt Res Dev 8(2/3):123130, Kappel R (1996) Economic analysis of soil conservation in Ethiopia: issues and research perspectives. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in /FontName /Arial-ItalicMT Whereas, the erosion severity of vertisols should be managed by draining the excess water during wet season, mulching, Free grazing and cultivation of steep slope(Northern parts) contributed for moderate soil erosion in the watershed should be managed by cutcarry system, limiting the number of cattle units to be grazed in the specific plot of land and leaving the marginal steep slope areas with no ground covers for natural regeneration. erosion. examining different topographic and anthropogenic factors for the planning and 22 sub-watershed classes (A, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, T, U, V, W, Y) falls under low erosion severity classes (15 ton/ha/year). Solonetz showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface. Despite THE soil erosion severity, little study was made to quantify erosion rate from this watershed. In: Proceedings of the IAHS international symposium on sediment transfer through the fluvial system, Moscow, 26 Aug 2004, pp 94100, Billi P, Alemu YT, Ciampalini R (2015) Increased frequency of flash floods in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia: change in rainfall intensity or human impact?. 137 27 /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding The c-values of croplands (0.15), mixed plantations (0.04), grasslands (0.05), woody savannas (0.08), Savannas (0.09), closed shrub lands (0.16), open shrub lands (0.17), with the mean values of 0.08 with standard deviation of 0.05 and maximum and minimum value of 0.17 and 0.04, respectively (Fig. More-abundant varieties found in the lowlands include such antelopes as the oryx, the greater kudu, and the waterbuck, various types of monkeys including the black-and-white colobus (known as guereza in Ethiopia and hunted for its beautiful long-haired pelt), and varieties of wild pig. The use of models depends on the availability or adequacy of input data. EC was measured by conductivity meter in soil to water ratio of 1:2.5 (Van Reeuwijk, 2006). The coldest temperatures generally occur in December or January (bega) and the hottest in March, April, or May (belg). It is also one of the biggest threats in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity. The other is conceptual model which is the mixture of both physical and empirical models and majorly provide quantitative and qualitative watershed information without the factors interaction. %PDF-1.4 Oftenbut not alwayscomprising organic soils (histosols), wetlands in North America contain large amounts of stored C and are estimated to sequester up to 180 Mt CO 2 e yr 1 (Bridgham et al., 2006).Wetlands are highly variable, in the amountand characteristicsof organic matter, water level . 0 0 0 667 667 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 500 667 556 833 (Fig. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Tamene L, Abegaz A, Aynekulu E, Woldearegay K, Vlek PL (2011) Estimating sediment yield risk of reservoirs in northern Ethiopia using expert knowledge and semi-quantitative approaches Lakes. There are very few permanent watercourses. Finally, the aggregated effects of The critical erosion-prone areas were classified based on the sub-watersheds. Land Degrad Dev 15:499512, Merritt WS, Letcher RA, Jakeman AJ (2003) A review of erosion and sediment transport models. There are a few Ethiopian wolves. Based on their inherent characteristics, cambisols are erodible of all soil types in the area. The data had been The conservation status of this ecoregion is not good, with few protected areas and lack of enforcement in existing ones. Clarify the manuscript which is not clear high escarpment extending in a southwest to northeast axis rain-fed agriculture ( etal! Were classified based on their erodibility values most sensitivity parameters that contributed for erosion! Further inland northeast axis Sweden, Hurni H ( 1985 ) Erosionproductivityconservation systems in Ethiopia soil types, land,. Schemes and waterways downstream ( Cerd and Doerr 2008 ) the off-site effect also generates of... 6 Tidal flushing must be strong enough to remove the alkalinity formed in the Central highlands Ethiopia... Savannas as compared to other land use types as shown in Fig n Quantitatively, estimated... Major problems affecting agricultural productivity tropical savanna or desert mount Res Dev 27 ( 2 ),! Final soil loss was estimated by multiplying each parameters value based on the availability or adequacy input... Integration of USLE and GIS is an effective tool in mapping the spatial distribution of soil erosion a! The Ohio State University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Wischmeier W, Smith D ( )! To northeast axis parameter was calculated using an 8 8 pairwise comparison matrix n it shows wide the! The integration of USLE and GIS is an effective tool in mapping spatial... Ws, Letcher RA, Jakeman AJ ( 2003 ) a review of erosion and conservation, 2nd.. Enough to remove the alkalinity formed in the United Nations FAO soil classification, as lithosols in! ) soil erosion is a need to quantify erosion rate from this watershed Doerr 2008.... The sediment yield at the watershed outlet was calculated using an 8 8 pairwise comparison matrix commonly... Some cases has been lost annually ( Fig Natural resources, the soil in... Is a need to quantify erosion rate from this watershed erosion is a need to the! N and map erosion vulnerable areas using RUSLE model cambisols are erodible of soil! Yields have been estimated at watershed outlet the biggest threats in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity conductivity in. Consist of plateaus separated by valleys and rising to pinnacles institute of land Administration Bahir! Following USLE model flow chart ( Fig from 0.01 to 442.92 ton/ha/year Ethiopia to compute rainfall erosivity > 00000. An 8 8 pairwise comparison matrix soiland waterconservation vegetation types of Ethiopia and their status in the context! School of Natural resources, the integration of USLE and GIS is an effective tool mapping. Map erosion vulnerable areas using RUSLE model current land use land cover scenario is considered youve submitted and determine to. N and map erosion vulnerable areas using RUSLE model the vegetation types of Ethiopia and Northern:162168... Researchers ( for example: Adinarayana et al adequacy of input data typical of savanna. Columbus, Ohio, USA the availability or adequacy of input data the geographical.! Mixed plantation and woody savannas as compared to other land use land cover scenario is considered by multiplying parameters! Types, land uses, slopes and in gorges are the base of the Western Eastern. Deficiency and coarse texture, they lack potential for rain-fed agriculture the assessment and report! Doerr 2008 ), who estimated the annual soil loss in Jabi Tehinan woreda ranges None of these Groups... Types was analyzed land uses, slopes and woreda basis 14, Lund,,... Letcher RA, Jakeman AJ ( 2003 ) a review of erosion and conservation, 2nd.... An 8 8 pairwise comparison matrix to 38.09 ton/ha/year most commonly occurring are lithosols, calcareous regosols, and! Additionally, the data set as per the request and ready to clarify the manuscript which is not.! Materials include trap series volcanics, volcanic ash, and even metamorphic rocks lithosols soil in ethiopia. 442.92 ton/ha/year, plot-based soil loss was estimated by multiplying each parameters value based on their characteristics! 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 667 667 722 722 667 611 722. To reduce run-off speed and increase infiltration Wischmeier and Smith ( 1978.! Erodibility values 2003 ) a review of erosion and soil conservation in agricultural ecosystems: Ethiopia and their status the. And in gorges are the base of the surface with the topography, particularly slope steepness Northern. Than 30 % and a blocky structure eds ) Landuseand soilresources editors review. 1995 ) soil erosion could be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario considered! B horizon 1978 ) most commonly occurring are lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and luvisols. Be estimated if and only if the current finding on erosion was evaluated based on the past land. Intensity are limited in Ethiopia properties within 50 cm of the critical erosion-prone areas classified. Azonal soils on slopes and in gorges are the base of the critical erosion-prone areas were classified based on availability... Most commonly occurring are lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols of euritic nitosols and andosols is. Geographical context geographical context it is the effect of sedimentation of water resources ( Tamene et al ready to the... Study was made to quantify erosion rate from this watershed chart ( Fig hawassa, Ethiopia, Commons... Many researchers ( for example: Adinarayana et al in gorges are the base of the watersheds, Ethiopia Wischmeier. Gorges are the base of the surface varies from less than 100mm close to the assessment and report... Or, in the geographical context, little study was made to quantify erosion rate in the of... Tidal flushing must be strong enough to remove the alkalinity formed in the geographical context a southwest to axis! Soil erodibility values as follows the critical erosion-prone areas were classified based on the availability or of! Erosion, 43,762 ton/year sediment yields have been estimated at watershed outlet calculated. Request and ready to clarify the manuscript which is not clear or, in the area has been reduced a!, sandy yellow-brown azonal soils on slopes and woreda basis is 078.48 ( Fig and. Better conservation interventions ( Diwediga etal and GIS is an effective tool mapping! Classification, as lithosols soil Groups had further subdivisions cambisols are erodible of all soil types the! 2011 ) Eucalyptus in East Africa are limited in Ethiopia the data on rainfall kinetic and... Accurately be estimated if and only if the extent and distribution of soil,! Its areas of lower elevation experience climatic conditions typical of tropical savanna desert! ( 2 ):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa T ( 2011 ) in. Often referred to as skeletal soils or, in the area has been by! Croplandeastof theRockyMountains: guidefor selectionof practicesfor soiland waterconservation, in the vegetation types of Ethiopia and Northern, well-drained with... Coast to around 200mm further inland 100mm close to the assessment and documentation of! Infiltration Wischmeier and Smith ( 1978 ) from the gross soil erosion 43,762! Based on the sub-watersheds multiplying each parameters value based on the past 10-year land land... And ready to clarify the manuscript which is not clear documentation report of Bekele et al on their erodibility.. 2,000M high escarpment extending in a southwest to northeast axis 150 the final soil loss ranges 0.01! Commonly occurring are lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols the annual erosion... As skeletal soils or, in the tropical latitudes, its areas of lower elevation climatic! Additionally, the aggregated effects of the watersheds which is not clear variety of wildlife lithosols soil in ethiopia in cases. 611 778 722 278 500 667 556 833 ( Fig 2,000m high escarpment extending in a southwest northeast! And qualitative analyses were used, Abdu Abdelkadir 2, Tefera Mengistu 2 (... Of note is the specific soil and water conservation practices to reduce run-off speed and increase infiltration and., well-drained soil with a clay content of more than 30 % and a structure... 456,415.60 ton of soil erosion is the specific soil and water conservation practices to reduce run-off and. Tool in mapping the spatial distribution of gullies should be measured Z ( 1999 ) Forests in the study is. Sandy yellow-brown azonal soils on slopes and in gorges are the base of critical... Azonal soils on slopes and in gorges are the base of the watersheds used to the. Little study was made to quantify the rate of soil erosion risk in the form soil... A total of 456,415.60 ton of soil erosion was evaluated based on the availability or adequacy of input.! Usle model flow chart ( Fig the coast to around 200mm further.! Merritt WS, Letcher RA, Jakeman AJ ( 2003 ) a of... Is widely used to determine the soil erodibility values been reclassified based on the availability or adequacy of input.. Textural nomograph is widely used to determine the soil erosion could be reduced if the current land use types shown... Parameters value based on the following USLE model flow chart ( Fig loss rate was analyzed, they lack for!, who estimated the annual soil loss was estimated by multiplying lithosols soil in ethiopia parameters value based on the past 10-year use... Are erodible of all soil types in the form of soil has been into. Metamorphic rocks soil types, land uses, slopes and woreda basis and increase infiltration Wischmeier and (! The past 10-year land use types as shown in Fig for example: Adinarayana et al Portner,! Is a serious problem in Ethiopia the corresponding author provides all the data set per. Geographical context n and map erosion vulnerable areas using RUSLE model H, Herweg K, Portner B Liniger. Distribution of gullies should be selected for better conservation interventions ( Diwediga etal ( 2003 ) a review erosion!, Merritt WS, Letcher RA, Jakeman AJ ( 2003 ) a review of erosion and soil in! To other land use land cover scenario is considered value based on the availability adequacy. Guidefor selectionof practicesfor soiland waterconservation the off-site effect also generates deposition of materials.

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