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Larvy tipulovitých (Tipula spp.)

Larvy požierajú korene rastlín. V mieste poškodenia trávnika, resp. poškodenia koreňov, trávnik žltne, listy sú tenšie a slabšie.

Larvy poškodzujú trávnik požieraním koreňov rastlín trávnika.

Dospelé jedince sa liahnu z kukiel v júli - auguste a kladú 200 - 300 vajíčok na listy tráv. Larvy (cca. 2,5 cm) sú spočiatku biele a postupne ako dospievajú sa sfarbujú do hneda. Vyliahnu sa za cca. 2 týždne a začínajú požierať korene rôznych rastlín, čo môže pokračovať až do jari. Aktívne sú hlavne v pôde, avšak za vlhkých podmienok vyliezajú k povrchu pôdy a požierajú i listy. Veľké škody spôsobujú hlavne na obilninách a trávnych porastoch. S požieraním prestanú v máji/júni, kedy sa začínajú kukliť v pôde.

Larvy sú veľmi citlivé na sucho a neprežijú na slnku.

Poškodenie trávnika sa prejaví už na jeseň, ale hlavne na jar, keď larvy dospievajú. V mieste poškodenia trávnika, resp. poškodenia koreňov, trávnik žltne, listy sú tenšie, slabšie. Rastliny môžu byť ľahko vytiahnuté a nemajú korene. Výrazné poškodenie sa prejaví, keď bola mierna a vlhká zima. Sekundárne poškodenie nastáva vtákmi a živočíchmi, ktoré sa živia larvami a tieto vyhrabávajú z pôdy.

Ochrana:

Pri slabom napadnutí sú rastliny schopné samoregenerácie, avšak pri silnom napadnutí – cca. 25 - 30 lariev na m2, je účinný zásah proti larvám (nie dospelým jedincom) insekticídmi s účinnou látkou chlorpyrifos príp. diazinon. Na trhu sú i biologické prípravky, ktoré parazitujú na larvách a tým ich hubia (Stenernema spp). Postrek vykonáme na jeseň, kedy sú mladé larvy citlivejšie.

 

Pri zaznamenaní výskytu lariev udržujeme napadnuté miesta vlhké, aby nedošlo k vysychaniu rastlín vplyvom slabého koreňového systému.

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