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Bronzová škvrnitosť trávnika (Gaeumannomyces graminis)

Nepravidelné škvrny rôzneho priemeru, neskôr bronzovo sfarbené. Patogén napadá bázy stebiel, rhizómy a korene rastlín, takže rastlina sa ľahko uvoľňujú zo substrátu.

Symptómy:

Napadnutie chorobou začína objavením nepravidelných škvŕn rôzneho priemeru, ktoré sú spočiatku tmavozelené, neskôr červeno hnedé až bronzové. Báza listov a korene sú často tmavo sfarbené. Škvrny sa objavujú na tých istých miestach každoročne. V strede škvŕn dochádza k zmene zloženia trávnych druhov – v mieste je veľa dvojklíčnolistých burín. Rastliny v mieste tvorby škvŕn usychajú a odumierajú. Patogén napadá bázy stebiel, rhizómy  a korene rastlín, takže rastlina sa ľahko uvoľňujú zo substrátu.

Rizikové faktory:

Vysoké pH, zhutnené pôdy, nevyrovnaná výživa, stres vyvolaný suchom, vysoká vzdušná vlhkosť. K hlavným rizikovým faktorom patrí premokrenie a dlhodobá vysoká vlhkosť pôdy. Nakoľko choroba sa objavuje hlavne za horúcich letných dní, rastliny sú príliš stresované , škvrny sa stávajú viac viditeľnými a regenerácia za takéhoto počasia je veľmi ťažká.

Pôvodca choroby neprežíva v kyslých pôdach, preto a aplikácia síry a hnojív s okysľujúcim účinkom má svoj význam.

Vývoj a šírenie:

Pôvodca choroby prečká vo forme mycélia v infikovanej trávnej hmote alebo organických zvyškoch. Za priaznivých podmienok – chladné a vlhké počasie , prerastá huba koreňom hostiteľa a dochádza k rozvoju infekcie. Ako náhle sa oteplí dochádza k intenzívnemu rozvoju choroby. Infikované trsy nemajú často príznaky infekcie, no sú zdrojom nákazy.

Ochrana:

Vyrovnaná výživa, pravidelné kosenie a prevzdušňovanie trávnika. Odstraňovanie plsti ako zdroja možnej nákazy.

V prípade silného napadnutia ošetriť fungicídom s účinnou látkou propiconazole, azoxystrobin, triadimefon, myclobutanil, fenarimol. V prípade silného napadnutia urobiť dosev prázdnych miest.

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