whether or not to convert the title of a post. Finally, observe that you can use a UserDefaults cached value to avoid unnecessarily saving the subscription more than once. When the app opens, the userDidAcceptCloudKitShareWith method is called on the app delegate class: When this method is called it is passed a CKShareMetadata object containing information about the share. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. This new checkbox tells NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, should be stored in the encryptedValues payload. Now that youve sent an invitation to your second user, you need to set the app to accept the invitation and add the data into the shared store. provided by NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Theres just one catch: This controller is a UIKit controller, and your app is SwiftUI. Finally, I'll tap Send to send the email. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. In anticipation of this, split the save function into two steps. [/spoiler]. The following code, for example, creates a CKShare object containing the record to be shared and configured for read-only access: Once the share has been created, it is saved to the private database using a CKModifyRecordsOperation object. Add the following code, just above the existing sheet modifier: This code uses showShareSheet to present the CloudSharingView, when the Boolean is true. You now see the shared entry on your second device. Within this handler, the CKShare object must be created and saved as outlined in the previous section. Fetching a record by name is very straightforward. On Apple platforms, there are a number of ways we can share the data our applications create. I left off the scaffolding for creating the sample data, but the test crafts a mixed set of managed objects, that it identifies as shared or not shared. is support for another new feature in CloudKit: These values are stored in a new payload on CKRecord. However, CloudKit gives you the tools you need for this. Log in to your iCloud account on a real device. CloudKit app require a few items to be enabled on the Capabilities Pane of the Xcode Target: iCloud (naturally), including the CloudKit checkbox, Push Notifications, and Background Modes (specifically, remote notifications). It might make more sense for CKAsset, but for now Apple hasn't added the capability. For app developers, the situation was even worse. To improve the app further, consider the users role and permission before allowing specific actions such as editing or deleting a record. Looking for something specific? These are all the changes I had to make for my first demo, but my application also needs to effectively communicate what objects are shared, who they're shared with, and what those participants can do. Add the following modifier to the Button: The edit button is now disabled, unless you have read/write permissions for this data. Next, we'll take a deep dive into the mechanics of sharing. We've enabled adoption of encrypted values. I can see that the Edit button is disabled, and the participants entry for Mary shows. If I tap on it, I can see that the Edit button is disabled and the participants entry for Jermaine shows that he is a Read-Only participant on the share. than the simple injection I used in the test. Each of these is mirrored to a persistent store in my application, one using the .private database scope and the other using the .shared database scope. Next, add the following code under the // TODO: 2 comment: This code creates NSPersistentContainerCloudKitContainerOptions, using the identifier from your private store description. to write all of these tests and structure the application. When a notification comes in that a record has changed, CloudKitNoteDatabase will do the heavy lifting of fetching the changes from CloudKit. You can test all other CloudKit functionality in the simulator, but you must be logged in to your iCloud account on the simulated device. Not the answer you're looking for? Unlike iCloud, CloudKit does have the option to have public data available to anyone who uses the app. I've already saved Heather and Mary in my address book. Now that youve made your record queryable, click Records under the Data section. Careful error handling is absolutely essential for a CloudKit client. As always, I can't wait to see what you build with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. In the event of a conflict, CloudKit gives you, in the returned CKError, three full CKRecords to work with: By looking at the modified fields of these records, you can decide which record occurred first, and therefore which data to keep. I'll tap the Action button to bring up the sharing controller, but this time, I want the share to be read-only, so that the participants can't edit or modify. that other users can view and, if desired, contribute to. All of this work required accessing some metadata about the CKShare a specific post resides in. What is the easiest way to share files between users with CloudKit? Finally, I invoke UICloudSharingController's completion block with the results provided by NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, which tells it I'm ready to continue the sharing flow. Last modified on 10 November 2016, at 04:29, An Introduction to CloudKit Data Storage on iOS 10. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer includes a number of API methods to align with each of these concerns. Another user will see a different set of zones. Swift, Android, Kotlin, Flutter, Dart, Server-Side Swift, Unity, and more! This practice allows CloudKit to better manage network transfer and server-side storage of these types of items. This is because you havent accepted the invitation yet. Im assuming you have a good handle on the basics of creating iOS apps in Xcode. When storing data via CloudKit, CloudKit Console allows you to interact with the data in question and perform several other functions such as viewing logs. A paid developer account To use CloudKit. Prior to the release of iOS 10, the only way to share CloudKit records between users was to store those records in a public database. At the top level is CKContainer, which encapsulates a set of related CloudKit data. Build and run. In a CloudKit database-- for example, the .private database-- NSPersistentCloudKitContainer typically manages a private zone to store the objects an application creates. The final step is to set the cloudKitContainerOptions property for the sharedStoreDescription you created. Users may not be signed in, they may have disabled CloudKit for the app, they may be in airplane modethe list of exceptions goes on. Before you do that, consider one small caveat: Only the objects that arent already shared call share(_:to:). When the app comes up, youll notice the shared journal entry doesnt show up. Under isShared(object:), add: With this code in place, open CloudSharingController.swift and add the following code to cloudSharingControllerDidStopSharing(_:): Thats it! Build apps that share data through CloudKit and Core Data Learn how to easily build apps that share data between multiple iCloud users with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. It has a wide variety of actions I can take, including a number of ways to share. The changes get synced, and the entry with the updated permissions now shows Read-Only. Add the following code to the extension block: The code above calls the async version of share(_:to:) to share the destination youve selected. Now, I could go through this implementation line by line, but that's not what's important here. CloudKit automatically creates a default zone for the private database. Basic CloudKit Setup CloudKit organizes data via a hierarchy of classes: CKContainer, CKDatabase, CKRecordZone, and CKRecord. The UICloudSharingController class provides a pre-built view controller which handles much of the work involved in gathering the necessary information to send a share link to another user. Let's imagine I have a collection of people I want to share with. When the user taps the link that was shared earlier and accepts the invitation, the delegate calls this method and launches the app. Also, a CloudKit record may only be shared if it is stored in a private database and is a member of a record zone other than the default zone. So I'll change the share options to mark the share as View Only. An error occurred when submitting your query. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. The first step is to implement the UIKit scene delegate method windowScene(_:userDidAcceptCloudKitShareWith:). An Overview: [WWDC 2016] Session 226 - What's New with CloudKit If you want to start diving into the new documentation, check out: CKShare CKShareParticipant CKFetchShareParticipantsOperation [music]. With the introduction of CloudKit sharing it is now possible for individual app users to share private database records with other users. Well, let me show you. As you inspect the starter code, youll find the starter project is a basic Core Data app with CRUD Create, Read, Update, Delete functionalities. However, network conditions and performance constraints can cause individual notifications to be dropped, or multiple notifications to intentionally coalesce into a single client notification. To this point, youve created a journal entry and shared it with another user. Does Cast a Spell make you a spellcaster? catalogue of 50+ books and 4,000+ videos. Since this is a first example of using an operation, here are a couple of general observations: First, all CloudKit operations have custom completion closures (and many have intermediate closures, depending on the operation). No specific cutoff point is specified (a maximum of 1MB total is recommended for each CKRecord), but as a rule of thumb, just about anything that feels like an independent item (an image, a sound, a blob of text) rather than as a database field should probably be stored as a CKAsset. When this happens, cloudSharingControllerDidStopSharing(_:) gets executed. This is new iOS 15 and allows NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to be configured to mirror persistent stores to the .shared CloudKit database. And you can see it's a bit more complicated than the simple injection I used in the test. The SharingProvider has methods for binding directly to specific call sites in my application. CloudKit automatically configures every CloudKit-enabled app out of the box to have a public CKDatabase (all users of the app can see everything) and a private CKDatabase (each user sees only their own data). Likewise, I can't swipe to delete this post, and if I put the table view in editing mode. I had to decorate the post table cells to indicate which ones are shared. At what point of what we watch as the MCU movies the branching started? It brings together a huge amount of domain knowledge. A general guideline is to use com.company_name.bundle_identifier. On Mary's device, I'll accept the new share, and now I can see the new post. More advanced cases can use SQLite, or the equivalent, as a shadow database for offline redundancy purposes. This is a cute trick in Swift that allows me to simply check if the provided objectID is in sharedObjectIDs. But in my application, I took a slightly different approach. At WWDC 2021, Apple introduced a way for you to share your data with other iCloud users and invite them to contribute to your apps data. 2 Reviews. Each of these participants will be able to access and operate on the objects I share with them. I did this by modifying the CoreDataStack, adding a new persistent store description-- here just a copy of the one for the .private store with a different URL. This is the default database that data gets written to. to communicate these states and privileges. Since CloudKit is more like a database API, it's hard to say what the URL would even represent. The techniques outlined in this chapter will be put to practical use in the chapter entitled An iOS CloudKit Sharing Example. The UICloudSharingController is a view controller that presents standard screens for adding and removing people from a CloudKit share record. Open CoreDataStack.swift. At least one real device To send and accept share invitation(s). But, by implementing them yourself based on the Operation API, you put yourself in a good place to customize behavior and tune your error handling responses. It is important to be aware that when a share recipient accepts a share they are actually receiving a reference to the original record in the owners private database. Next, add the following code below the // TODO: 3 comment: This code adds your shared NSPersistentStoreDescription to the container. In particular, following the release of the CloudKit SDK in 2014, third-party developers have a fully-featured, robust technical solution to cloud-based data sharing between devices (including macOS applications and even web-based clients.). What's important is that it's way more complicated than I can easily exercise every time I want to verify a change to the table view, and trying to do so would add a lot of friction to the development process. Ill focus on an iOS application, but the same approach can be used for macOS clients as well. Over 300 content creators. Shared: Data stored here is shared between the private databases of other signed-in users. The first step is to create a method that prepares your shared data. For starters, a few custom errors can be defined to shield the client from the internals of CloudKit, and a simple delegate protocol can inform the client of remote updates to the underlying Note data. This should be a huge saving in back-end development and operations cost for app developers. Add the following method to your extension: With this code in place, you can determine if the destination is already shared and then take the proper action. Once you add the destination, tap the destination to view DestinationDetailView. Let's see that in action. Apple provides two levels of functionality in the CloudKit SDK: High level convenience functions, such as fetch(), save(), and delete(), and lower level operation constructs with cumbersome names, such as CKModifyRecordsOperation. Saving records is, perhaps, the most complicated operation. Discover how to create informative experiences around shared data and learn about the CloudKit technologies that support these features in Core Data. Hiring? Even in this humble sample application, I've had to make a number of changes to the user interface to present information about shared objects. What is the easiest way to share files between users with CloudKit? See that data now exists at the bottom in the Participants section. [/spoiler]. So, an offline mode must be carefully considered. New in iOS 15 is acceptShareInvitations(from:into:completion:). Enter a topic above and jump straight to the good stuff. and modify records in these shared zones. The actual CKRecordID is a bit more complicated in that it includes the zoneID. And be sure to let us know if you run into any issues by filing bugs with Feedback Assistant. To get the most out of this session, check out our previous videos on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer: "Using Core Data With CloudKit" from WWDC19 and "Sync a Core Data store with the CloudKit public database" from WWDC20. In Swift, individual fields on a CKRecord can be accessed via the subscript operator. The way to enable these silent notifications is to set the shouldSendContentAvailable property on the CKNotificationInfo instance, while leaving all of the traditional notification settings (shouldBadge, soundName, and so on) unset. Last, head to the CloudKit Console so you can verify your data. This chapter has covered the basics of CloudKit sharing, a topic which will be covered further in a later chapter entitled An iOS CloudKit Sharing Example. I've already modified it to support sharing posts with different iCloud users. Build apps that share data through CloudKit and Core Data. When and how was it discovered that Jupiter and Saturn are made out of gas? These values are decrypted locally on device after they're downloaded from the CloudKit server, and they're encrypted locally on device before they are uploaded to the CloudKit server. I'm going to be using our sample application. Select CD_Destination. In my .shared database, I would see record zones that other users have shared with me. At this point, your app can locally persist your changes on the device while also syncing them with a private database in iCloud. Another user will see a different set of zones in their .private and .shared databases, depending on whether or not they are the owner of those zones. There are two ways to share data via CloudKit: record sharing and zone sharing. Because there's no root record, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer also has to understand how the concepts of owners and participants apply to the entire record zone. To dig deeper into CloudKit, I strongly recommend taking the time to view the various CloudKit presentations from each of the last few WWDCs and follow along with the examples they provide. See the solution below: [spoiler title=Solution 2] NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages these zones and automatically assigns records to them. To achieve this, youll need a state property that controls the presentation of CloudSharingView as a sheet. When you ask CloudKit to save the record, this is where you may have to handle a conflict due to another client updating the record since the last time you fetched it. I and, if allowed, other participants can add. Youll use the default share when you present the CloudSharingView. Photos also allows me to view the participants on the album. directly to specific call sites in my application. 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This controller is a cute trick in Swift that allows me to view the participants entry for Mary shows sample! With me centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most device also! The simple injection I used in the test cases can use a UserDefaults value! Notification comes in that a record has changed, CloudKitNoteDatabase will do the heavy of... Say what the URL would even represent and operations cost for app developers ways we share. I 'm going to be using our sample application role and permission before specific... Just one catch: this code adds your shared data and learn about the CloudKit Console you! Record sharing and zone sharing CKRecord can be accessed via the subscript operator that 's not what important..., click records under the data our applications create.shared database, I could go through this line! Split the save function into two steps you add the following code below the // TODO 3! However, CloudKit gives you the tools you need for this new payload on CKRecord you the you! Technologists share private database in iCloud, Android, Kotlin, Flutter, Dart, Server-Side Swift, individual on...