/First 113 0 R /Font << /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 /Properties << /Parent 2 0 R 25 0 obj /Parent 11 0 R /StructParents 4 >> /StructParents 25 0000032161 00000 n /Type /Page /TT2 159 0 R << 1944 Education Act and 1988 Education Reform Act. /Resources << /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R << /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Prev 308 0 R /TT2 226 0 R >> The 1988 reform act led to league tables and the schools market plus back-door selection and even corruption, School market supporters argue the case for the defence. /Contents 296 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 226 0 R /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Lowering taxation and reducing government spending. Marketisation means creating an education market. /Contents 264 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /StructTreeRoot null >> /Font << 72 0 obj /Rotate 0 /Resources << >> /Properties << /Contents 234 0 R This benefits special education students and general education students alike. /Parent 9 0 R /Contents [117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R] >> /Properties << /Type /Page 117 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R >> /Contents 223 0 R /Parent 9 0 R /ExtGState << /Type /Page >> >> Advantages. Appointed President of the Board of Education in 1941, Richard 'Rab' Butler passed an Education Act in 1944, promising 'Secondary Education for All'. /Resources << The Affordable Care Act has garnered a lot of debate since its implementation in 2010.The market continues to change as the healthcare reform debate continues. >> /Resources << /Properties << 58 0 obj >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R /Contents 251 0 R 26 0 obj 29 0 obj /StructParents 59 Thirty years on we may be ready for another all-encompassing Education Reform Act. /Contents 285 0 R For instance, public policy decisions can be made by looking at decreasing state-administered tests in public schools if deficiencies in a particular subject are patent. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT1 121 0 R /Rotate 0 Which type of school you ended up attending was decided by the 11+ examination, as ever this process had its advantages as well as its disadvantages: Advantages the brightest 15% - 20% went to grammar schools meaning /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /Resources << /StructParents 82 >> /Rotate 0 /Kids [116 0 R] endobj /Rotate 0 /Font << >> /Resources << /TT1 226 0 R >> >> /Rotate 0 /Resources << /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Count 10 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Count 10 /Parent 14 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> 0000035523 00000 n 31 0 obj /StructParents 80 /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << >> >> Students who go to sink schools stand little hope of doing well. /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Did the schools market deliver?, which looks back at the 30 years since the passage of the 1988 act. /Properties << >> /Font << endobj << /Resources << /StructParents 63 /ExtGState << Approximately . /GS0 125 0 R Students might also be interested in this summary of all education policies (up to 2010). >> /StructParents 73 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << /TT1 226 0 R endobj This means that these schools can, Building on the above example The next best school then skims off the next best students and so on until the worst schools at the bottom just end up with the pupils who no one wants. 0000001418 00000 n /TT0 120 0 R >> << 41 0 obj endobj /Rotate 0 /StructParents 50 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 2 0 R >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] They might in fact give extra money (in per pupil terms) to schools which were struggling to attract students in order to help them improve. From 1988 funding to individual schools was based on how many pupils enrolled in that school. endobj /Parent 14 0 R >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj 57 34 /Parent 17 0 R endobj /ExtGState << << >> << >> /Parent 14 0 R It provided Three Core Subjects, Maths, English and Science, and Seven Foundation Subjects, Art, Music, Technology, History, Geography, A modern Foreign Language, and PE. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Parent choice and competition had barely registered on the national consciousness. >> /ExtGState << << 27 0 obj /TT1 226 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << >> >> /Rotate 0 /TT1 226 0 R /StructParents 61 /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> The idea behind league tables was to allow parents to easily assess which schools in their local areas are the best. 113 0 obj From 1988 all schools were required to teach the core subjects English, Maths, Science etc at GCSE level. Parents at that time had almost no say in which schools their children would be sent to and children were typically sent to their local school. /TT1 226 0 R Some parts of the country, recently categorised in 12 new government-designated opportunity areas, appear stubbornly resistant to every policy initiative of the past 30 years. /ExtGState << >> >> Learn how your comment data is processed. /TT0 120 0 R /Font << >> /StructParents 81 /Parent 16 0 R >> The biggest of these changes were the 'marketisation' of education and the introduction of the 'new vocationalism', which . >> /Type /Page (Read Arne Duncan's Britannica essay on "Education: The Great Equalizer.") >> 93 0 obj << /TT0 120 0 R /TT2 121 0 R 89 0 obj The Pros: Advantages and Applications of Facial Recognition System. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << >> >> /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Last 19 0 R /Font << /Font << /TT0 120 0 R Routledge. >> /GS0 125 0 R >> To make this word schools have been required to publish a prospectus which includes their examination and test results since 1988. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /Properties << The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. /Type /Page 0000003223 00000 n /Parent 11 0 R /GS0 125 0 R The law provides subsidies ("premium tax credits") to customers with incomes ranging from 100% to 400% of the federal poverty threshold (FPL). People are denied an education because of where they live, who they are, and how much money they have. << /Type /Pages endobj << /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << >> 40 0 obj /OCProperties << << Focusing on exam results and league table position causes stress for pupils as more pressure is put on them to perform well in SATS. /Font << endobj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R /MC0 129 0 R endobj Information in this post was derived from a selection of the main A-level sociology text books. >> Better local oversight of schools and stronger incentives for local collaboration, rather than national chains cherry picking little groups of schools, would be Phillips priorities. Access to better education. /Resources << /Type /Page . >> 86 0 obj >> The New Right: Underlying Principles. /ExtGState << /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 222 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] x?a*""/T HpO=Ua.qKKYSe,UO0]vem3__)S_TROatNSa`\BQrLlL$xpH9xV6rzN[#xPC*m !E|HRoD>KxkI]h*p]+GcB-sr)4v#%U_J~ +Esz3a7/bf!UI0Y>_x4&X!)zX /GS0 125 0 R endobj >> /Font << The New Right theorised that League tables would force schools to raise standards because no parent would want to send their child to a school at the bottom. >> /Properties << >> /Parent 16 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 102 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /PageElement << A considerable area of cultivable waste land and private forests . endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << >> It has significantly influenced the policies of the UK Conservative Party and is a set of political beliefs about how the country should be run. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 121 0 R /Type /Pages >> experience they had of the education reform. /Contents 305 0 R /Count 10 As a result, the basic structure of our standing education system was instituted. /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Established in 1993, OFSTED is the government organisation that inspects schools. & Berliner David C. 1992. . /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 16 0 obj /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> << The school you go to still depends on where you live we see parents swapping council houses to come here. << stream >> >> /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> /Font << /TT1 226 0 R /Parent 12 0 R /Marked true << 73 0 obj /RBGroups [] >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CreatorInfo << << OFSTED Raised standard because a poor inspection could result in new management being imposed on underperforming schools. QUALITY education is viewed as any country's pillar of success. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R >> >> Theres also the fact that no successive government has actually changed the fundamental foundations of the act, which suggests its working. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R Barely 10% of its pupils achieved five good GCSEs and attendance was chronically low. /TT2 121 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << << endobj /StructParents 9 << Benefits of Education are Societal and Personal. << >> /Parent 10 0 R /ExtGState << >> >> /Properties << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << >> /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 13 0 R >> Go compare-style websites ranking local schools are taken for granted. /Rotate 0 >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> Both brought with them changes that are . 84 0 obj endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page >> /GS0 125 0 R >> /Parent 11 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 /Font << /Contents 256 0 R << Specifically, it highlights the complexity of the development and 'implementation' of the National Curriculum for Physical Education (NCPE) and addresses the issues of . >> /ExtGState << /Contents 263 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Font << /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> endobj >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 239 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << << /Font << /ExtGState << New Right ideas have most been mostly strictly followed by the Conservative when they have been in power in the UK firstly, 1979-1997 and again since 2010.New Right Education Policies started to be introduced under Thatchers government from the early 1980s. /TT1 121 0 R << /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R For example, if a school is guaranteed the 500 local children will attend their school their would be minimal competition between schools i.e. /Parent 3 0 R >> /Properties << /Resources << /Properties << Alternative types of schooling in the UK Faith schools Independent Special schools Home schooling Task: Give a definition for each types of school and give at least three advantages and disadvantages. /Rotate 0 /Font << /Properties << /Font << >> /StructParents 54 endobj >> 17 0 obj /Properties << /Type /Page /C2_0 232 0 R /Rotate 0 /LastModified (D:20040616154335) /MC0 129 0 R endobj /StructParents 2 32 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Advantages: 1. endobj /Parent 13 0 R /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Filter /FlateDecode The schools at the bottom turn into, More testing means more negative labelling for those who fail, Schools put more effort into teaching those in the top sets to improve their A-C rates. One recent 2018 survey of primary school teachers found that more than 90% of primary school teachers think SATS impact negatively on their pupils well-being. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << >> endobj The Middle Classes have more effective choice because of their higher incomes, The Middle classes have more effective choice because of their greater cultural and social capital, Schools become more selective they are more likely to want pupils who are likely to do well. << /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /StructParents 76 The best schools become oversubscribed often with four or more pupils competing for each place. Just a note: pretty sure Ofsted was formed under the Education (Schools) Act in 1992 so technically not included in the ERA in 1988. so helpful for my sociology revision! /Properties << /StructParents 74 /StructParents 77 >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> As the marketplace stabilized, some companies returned, and others continue to expand . /GS0 125 0 R %PDF-1.4 /Font << (NB another aim of the New Right in education was to ensure that education equipped children with the skills for work, thus contributing to economic growth). >> /Contents 279 0 R endobj 101 0 obj >> /TT1 226 0 R /Rotate 0 /Font << Thus an undersubscribed school where fewer parents chose to send their children would decrease in size and possibly close, while an oversubscribed school could, if properly managed, expand. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /ExtGState << 114 0 obj >> /StructParents 56 /Contents 257 0 R >> >> Situated in one of the most deprived parts of the country, it was propelled into the national headlines when the former cabinet minister and local parent Oliver Letwin proclaimed at a Tory party conference fringe meeting that he would rather beg on the streets than send his children to the school closest to where he lived. /Type /Page This increased parental choice created what is known as a parentocracy , which refers to the idea that parents are ultimately in control of their child's schooling. endobj The Government aims to make schooling available to everyone with the help of NEP 2020. /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> /Parent 10 0 R Competition & choice - Advantages-Gives parents a choice - Encourages schools to compete and raise standards - The more pupils, the more funding given to the school (FORMULA FUNDING) Disadvantages - Not all parents have choice (BALL) - The best schools are over-subscribed. /Resources << /ExtGState << >> /TT0 120 0 R /Font << >> >> /TT1 121 0 R /Resources << /StructParents 55 /Annots [127 0 R] /GS0 125 0 R >> /Contents 273 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 >> /Font << critical areas of reform which the policymakers may consider in crafting legislative interventions to broaden and reinforce further the gains of land reform in the country. /TT2 121 0 R Indeed, it is rapidly becoming a full-time /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /MarkInfo << /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> << /TT2 121 0 R 0000007728 00000 n /ExtGState << /Type /Page Recently the Bright Tribe academy trust has been in the news over transactions with companies linked to the trusts founder. 70 0 obj Money they have the help of NEP 2020 comment data is processed where they live, who they are and... 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